1. To find the statistical correlation between two development indicators

1. Click on an empty box ('cell') on the spreadsheet. Type in =correl.
2. If you want to see if there is a correlation between GNP per capita, which falls in column B (row numbers 3-12) on the spreadsheet, and annual freshwater withdrawals, which falls in column E on the spreadsheet, type in (B3:B12,E3:E12) after =correl and press 'return'.
3. The number that you are given will be between -1.0 (a perfect negative correlation) and +1.0 (a perfect positive correlation). A result nearer 0 means there is a little correlation of any sort between the two development indicators.
4. To find out what happens to the correlation result when you remove the data of certain countries, click on the box or boxes of data that you want to leave out. Press 'delete' and then 'return' to reveal the revised correlation result.

2. To construct a scatter graph

1. Use the 'Chart Wizard' by scrolling down the 'Insert' menu at the top of the spreadsheet page and choose 'Chart ·' or click on the 'Chart Wizard' icon on the menu bar.
3. Choose 'XY Scatter' from the 'Chart Type' choices, then click on 'next'.
4. Set the Data Range. This means choosing the data that you are going to compare. If you want to see if there is a correlation between GNP per capita, which falls in column B on the spreadsheet, and population growth, which falls in column C on the spreadsheet, type in B3:B12,C3:C12 in the box indicated. The development indicator that you type in first will be the one that is on the x axis. Click on 'Series in · Columns' underneath and then click 'next'.
5. To add a title to your scatter graph, type something where it says, 'Chart Title'.
6. Give values for your two development indicators on the x and y axes· in other words, what your two development indicators are measured in· $ and % in this case. Then click 'next'.
7. To copy the scatter graph onto the same page as the spreadsheet, choose the 'as object in' option, and then drag it underneath the data using your mouse. If you want your graph on a separate sheet, choose 'as new sheet' instead.
8. To add a best-fit line to the scatter graph, choose 'add trendline' from the 'Chart' menu at the top of the page. Choose 'linear' type.
9. To find out what happens to the correlation and shape of your graph when you remove the data of certain countries, click on the box ('cell') on the spreadsheet which you want to leave out and press 'delete'. Then press 'return' to reveal your new look graph.
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